December 1, day of assassination of Ayatollah Modarres, is designated as day of parliament in the Iranian calendar.
Shahid Sayyed Hassan Modarres was born in 1899 in Ardestan city. His father was Sayyed Ismael Modarres and his grand father was Mir Abdol Baqi Modarres.
In 1905, Sayyed Ismael left for Qomshe.
He was not alone. His 6-year-old son was with him. There, he did his best concerning promulgating Islamic sciences and culture.
Ayatollah Modarres was just 14 when he lost his grandfather who was one of the great men of theology.
Not only Shahid Modarres was being taught by his father (in the field of religious sciences) but also he was studying Arabic language in Haj. Abdol Hamid Theological School (Seminary).
Doing as what was mentioned in his grand father’s will, Shahid Modarres left for Esfahan to complete his studies. There, he spent ten years in studying and researching.
During this time he enjoyed the meeting of so many scientists which he estimated them to be 30. His most famous teachers were: Sheikh Abdol Ali Harandi, Sayyed Mohammad Dorchehee, Sayyed Sadiq Khatoon Abadi, Mirza Jahangir Qashqayee and Molla Mohammad Kashani.
Modarres also enjoyed the meeting of Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi and he studied the sciences and caught his professor’s attention.
When Ayatollah Sayyed Hassan Shirazi passed away, the authority of the Shii community was given to Ayatollah Mirza Taqi Shirazi.
Modarres was actively involved in sessions of lesson and debates, and making progress in terms of achieving the higher ranks of science.
Here comes his word: "Any campaign must have an aim otherwise it would never lead to a definite result. One should try hard to eradicate the tree of injustice. Breaking the branches has no use."
Modarres was an active person in scientific and political affairs. He was the combination of "religion" and "Politics".
Along with religious affairs, he tried to investigate political and social matters as well, believing that there will be no separation of religion and politics.
Thanks to Shahid Sayyed Fazlollah Noori in the course of the Constitutional Movement an article was passed and was included as amendment to the constitution.
According to the article, whatever passed in the parliament must be controlled by five outstanding Islamic religious jurists so that any cases contrary to Islamic values would be annulled.
The related article just once was put to practice in the second session of parliament when five authorities were chosen by the Islamic authorities to revise the passed bills. Modarres was among them.
He, who was at that time in Esfahan, came to Tehran to accept his new responsibility. At the end of the second session there was a story of Russian ultimatum on Iran. Having occupied a part of Iran, and approaching Qazvin, Russia issued a colonialistic ultimatum.
Iran was given a 48-hour chance to agree with the Russian ultimatum. In case of any disagreement of the Iranian side, Russians would attack Tehran.
Having been informed of the Russian Ultimatum, the parliament deputies got very nervous. The parliament was in session but every one was helpless, knowing nothing about what would be the right measure in that case.
In those critical moments that no one would dare object the Russian ultimatum, Modarres stood up and addressed deputies in this way: "If the affairs are organized in such a way that we loose our independence by exercising force, It would not be suitable that we ourselves sign it."
Then he continued while shouting" No, we never surrender. We resist and we are not afraid of these threats." His courage motivated the deputies and governors to agree on refusing the Russian ultimatum.
Also, he objected to the convention of 1919, which was considered as another chapter in his campaigning history.
After Reza khan’s coup, which was British oriented, Modarres opposed him severely. One of the signs of his opposition to Reza Khan would be his interpellation and clashes with Reza khan in the parliament.
At that time, Reza Khan was the Prime Minister, used all his energy for British government. Aiming at Satisfying his master (England), he did what ever the British government ordered him.
All of which led to his interpellation by Modarres and some other deputies. Reza Khan was afraid of interpellation (especially in this case). Thus, he tried to avoid it in every way he could.
Reza Khan was moving forward to win the monarchy and finally he achieved it. Modarres, at the time of passing this article began to object. Because according to the article, Reza khan would possess the sovereign power of ruling.
"This measure is against the Constitution even if there have been hundreds of thousands of votes, the situation won’t be changed." Said Modarres while leaving the parliament as a sign of his opposition.
Being Afraid of Modarres and finding him as an insurmountable obstacle in his path toward his aims, Reza Khan decided to terror him which did not work.
It is an old tradition among the powers, which never can be put aside:
"When all of their threats to make the respectable men to succumb fail, they will kill them. They kill the men who never give up campaigning for sake of their homeland’s independence."
The honorable Ayatollah Sayyed Hassan Modarres was not an exception. At first Reza Khan did not let Modarres to come to the 7th session of the parliament. Modarres was out voted; there was even no vote in his favor.
In this way the doors of the parliament were closed to him.
In another attempt, Reza Khan sent one of his close friends to Modarres, trying to win his trust in this way. "Tell him .If you are really truthful let the people act freely then, you will see I will be elected by the people of several cities. Otherwise this parliament is illegal." replied Modarres.
Being disappointed, Reza Khan sent a message to Modarres ordering him not to interfere in political matters.
Here comes Modarres’s Reaction:" To me interference in political matters and campaigning for freedom is my religious duty and where ever I would be I will not give it up."
And in this way every thing was going to be prepared to send Modarres to exile. He was taken to Khorasan and was imprisoned in Khaf.
He had been there for 10 years. Finally he was poisoned according to Reza khan’s order.
Modarres wished to achieve the divine goals. He passed away and left his valuable legacy of thoughts in the course of the historical events, which is why he will be alive as far as the history exists.
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